The colonoscopy procedure: What you need to know for a healthy future

Colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer deaths among people younger than 50 in the United States, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. However, it is also one of the most preventable cancers as screenings can detect up to 95 percent of cases. Despite this, one in three eligible Americans does not get screened.

“Colonoscopies save lives but they have a bad reputation,” says Dr. Anna Matrachisia, a colorectal surgeon with Roper St. Francis Physician Partners.

To help ease concerns about the procedure, Dr. Matrachisia explains what patients can expect before, during and after a colonoscopy.

Preparing for the procedure

The day before your colonoscopy, you will need to follow a clear liquid diet. This includes water, broth and electrolyte drinks. That evening, you will take a liquid laxative to thoroughly cleanse your colon. “The goal is to ensure the colon is completely clear so that the doctor can properly examine its lining,” says Dr. Matrachisia.

On the day of the procedure, hospital staff will insert an IV to administer general anesthesia. The procedure itself takes about 30 minutes. A surgeon will insert a scope through the rectum and guide it through the entire colon to the large intestine, identifying and removing any polyps.

What to expect afterward

After the procedure, most patients wake up feeling rested, hungry and sometimes a bit bloated due to the air introduced during the examination. Because the procedure requires anesthesia, you will need a friend or family member to drive you home. It is also advised to take the rest of the day off from work and avoid making any important decisions.

Colonoscopy vs. other screening options

While at-home stool tests such as Cologuard are available, they only indicate whether a person may be at risk. A colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening as it not only detects precancerous polyps but also allows for their immediate removal.

If you are 45 or older and have not yet had a colonoscopy, it is time to schedule one. Taking this step is essential for preventing colorectal cancer and maintaining long-term health. Talk to your primary care doctor about getting a colonoscopy today. Don't have a primary care doctor, find one near you.